Headaches and migraines are distinct conditions: headaches are a general discomfort, while migraines are a more severe type of headache often accompanied by throbbing pain on one side of the head, and sometimes visual disturbances. Their causes range from lifestyle factors like stress and dehydration to hormonal changes and sensory stimuli. Treatment aims to alleviate pain and prevent future occurrences through conservative methods like pain relievers and rest, or through more interventional approaches such as prescription medications and nerve blocks.